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Lower Motor Neuron Syndrome

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A rare genetic motor neuron disease characterized by slowly progressive, predominantly proximal muscular weakness and atrophy At the onset, symptoms include muscle cramps, fasciculations, decreased or absent deep tendon reflexes, hand tremor, and elevated serum creatine kinase, is later associated with reduced walking ability and impaired vibration sensation. Lower motor neuron (LMN) syndromes cause muscle wasting and weakness and can be caused by pathology affecting the distal motor nerve up to the anterior horn cell. Introduction Damage to the cell bodies or peripheral axons of lower motor neurons results in paralysis (loss of movement) or paresis (weakness) of the affected muscles. Aside from paralysis and/or paresis, the lower motor neuron syndrome includes a loss of reflexes (areflexia) caused by an interruption of the efferent (motor) limb of the sensory motor reflex arcs. Muscle tone is lost when lower motor neurons are damaged because
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Dysmetria

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A physical movement's ability to be controlled in terms of speed, distance, or range is referred to as dysmetria. Dysmetria can cause people to overshoot or undershoot their movements. Additionally, they might have trouble keeping their balance or coordinating their speech and eye movements. A person with dysmetria has trouble controlling their range of motion, as well as their movement's distance and speed. Dysmetria can be brought on by traumatic brain injury, stroke, brain tumors, and a variety of other conditions. Causes When the cerebellum, a region of the central nervous system that integrates visual, spatial, and other sensory inputs with motor control to coordinate and plan movement as well as maintain balance, is damaged, dysmetria is a usual outcome. Damage to the cerebellum or to the nerves that carry sensory information to it can make it difficult to determine when and where movements should stop; this difficulty is referred to as undershooting or
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Intellectual Disability Introduction

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Intellectual disability is identified by problems in both intellectual and adaptive functioning. Intellectual functioning is measured with individually administered and psychometrically valid, comprehensive, culturally appropriate, psychometrically sound tests of intelligence.While a specific full-scale IQ test score is no longer required for diagnosis, standardised testing is used in the process. A full-scale IQ score of 70 to 75 indicates significant intellectual functioning limitations. However, the IQ score must be interpreted in light of the individual's difficulties with general mental abilities. Furthermore, subtest scores can vary significantly, so the full-scale IQ score may not accurately reflect overall intellectual functioning. As a result, clinical judgement is required when interpreting IQ test results. Problems with general mental abilities cause intellectual disability, which affects functioning in two areas: Learning, problem solving, and j
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