Pervasive developmental disorder PDD-NOS

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Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified is abbreviated as PDD-NOS. With the publication of the DSM-5 diagnostic manual in 2013, PDD-NOS was one of several previously separate subtypes of autism that were merged into the single diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

PDD-NOS, like all forms of autism, can be associated with a wide range of intellectual ability. Its distinguishing characteristics are significant challenges in social and linguistic development.

Appearance

What might the appearance of a person with PDD-NOS be like? Of course, this will vary, but in one study, researchers discovered that those with PDD-NOS could be classified into one of three distinct subgroups:

  • A high-functioning group (24%) who resembled people with Asperger's syndrome but had transient language delay or mild cognitive impairment (and thus could not be diagnosed with Asperger's, which requires no speech or cognitive delay).
  • A group (24%) who resembled people with autism but did not meet the criteria for autism due to a late age of onset or other factors.
  • A group of autistic-like people (52%), but with fewer stereotyped and repetitive behaviours.

More research is needed to determine whether specific autism spectrum conditions, as yet unnamed, can be separated from the catch-all category known as PDD-NOS. There is no doubt that such conditions exist, that PDD-NOS (or whatever conditions we are lumping in that category for the time being) exists.

Symptoms

Symptoms might include the following:

  • Difficulties relating to people, objects, and events
  • Difficulties using and understanding language
  • Playing with toys and other objects in various ways
  • Difficulty adapting to changes in routine or environment
  • Body movements or behavioural patterns that are repeated

    • Children with PDD vary widely. Some children do not speak at all, while others speak in short phrases or conversations, and still others have average language development. In general, repetitive play skills and limited social skills are evident. Extreme reactions to sensory stimuli, such as loud noises and bright lights, are also common.

    vectors by Freepick; graphic design by Vadot


    Reference:

    Children with PDD vary widely. Some children do not speak at all, while others speak in short phrases or conversations, and still others have average language development. In general, repetitive play skills and limited social skills are evident. Extreme reactions to sensory stimuli, such as loud noises and bright lights, are also common.

    ‌PDD-NOS. (2023). Kennedykrieger.org; Kennedy Krieger Institute. https://www.kennedykrieger.org/stories/interactive-autism-network-ian/pddnos#:~:text=PDD%2DNOS%20may%20be%20thought,in%20another%20key%20area%20(like ‌Pervasive Developmental Disorders. (2023). National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/pervasive-developmental-disorders

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