Brain Damage and Intellectual Disabilities

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A variety of brain injuries can result in intellectual disability (ID, formerly known as mental retardation). They are as follows:
  • traumatic brain injury (TBI)
  • congenital brain damage
  • progressive brain damage

Congenital conditions occur before birth. Degenerative diseases develop after birth. They are forward-thinking. Spinal muscular atrophy is a type of progressive brain disease. This is a neuromuscular disorder that is inherited. Batten disease is another. This is a genetic metabolic disorder. It causes a progressive decline in brain function.

Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) are brain injuries that occur after birth (but before the age of 18).

Many brain injuries can be avoided. These injuries could be the result of a car accident, a blow to the head, or a fall. Children should always ride in a child safety seat that has been approved by the manufacturer. The seat must be properly installed and used. When riding bikes, skateboards, etc., children should always wear helmets.

vectors by Freepick; graphic design by Vadot

In the United States in 2021, there will be over 69,000 TBI-related deaths. Every day, approximately 190 people are killed as a result of TBI.

People of all ages are affected by TBIs. A TBI can happen to anyone, but data suggests that certain groups are more likely to die from one or have long-term health problems as a result of the injury.

TBI and IDD can co-occur. Impaired thinking, memory, and cognitive function; decreased hearing or vision; and even personality changes or emotional symptoms, such as depression, aggression, or impulse control issues, can be consequences of TBI.

When infants are shaken or dropped, they can sustain brain injury. This unfortunate circumstance frequently occurs when carers are frustrated. Infant care can be extremely stressful. It is normal to be frustrated. Request that your healthcare provider refer you to someone who can teach you better stress management techniques.

Reference:

Medical Causes Of Intellectual Disabilities: Infections And Brain Damage. (2019, March 20). MentalHelp.net; https://www.mentalhelp.net/intellectual-disabilities/medical-causes-infections-and-brain-damage/#:~:text=Brain%20Damage%20and%20Intellectual%20Disabilities,conditions%20are%20present%20before%20birth.

‌Pinals, D. A., Hovermale, L., Mauch, D., & Anacker, L. (2021). Persons With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in the Mental Health System: Part 1. Clinical Considerations. Psychiatric Services, 73(3), appi.ps.2019005. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201900504 ‌Get the Facts About TBI . (2023). https://www.cdc.gov/traumaticbraininjury/get_the_facts.html

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